India-së si hënëz Lander Vikram (me rover Pragjane) of Chandrayaan-3 mission has safely soft landed at high latitude si hënëz surface on south pole along with respective payloads. This is first si hënëz mission to land on high latitude si hënëz south pole where presence of water/ice is confirmed.
Chandrayaan-2 mission had earlier failed to achieve si hënëz soft landing when its lander had crash landed on si hënëz surface on 6th September 2019 due to technical snag.
With successful technology demonstration of si hënëz soft-landing capability, ISRO moon exploration mission has achieved an important milestone towards its future ndërplanetare missions. India has thus become fourth country in the world (after USA, former USSR and China) to have “si hënëz soft landing” capability.
Recently, Russian si hënëz lander mission Luna-25 attempted soft landing on moon’s south pole on 19th August 2023 but unfortunately crash landed and failed. However, Russian authorities announced to remain in si hënëz race. Russian si hënëz programme had a long pause. Their last successful si hënëz mission was in 1976 when Luna 24 of Soviet Union had successfully returned si hënëz samples to the Earth.
After a long pause since Appolo 17 mission in 1972, USA’s NASA is to embark on its ambitious Artemis Moon Mission designed to establish human presence on moon towards the objective of deep hapësirë human habitations on Mars.
Both USA and Russia (as successor of USSR) are long established players in hapësirë technology. Their highly successful lunar missions achieved key milestones over half a century ago and have remained shelved since mid-seventies until recently.
Kina dhe India janë relativisht të reja hyrëse (krahasuar me SHBA-në dhe Rusinë). Programi kinez hënor filloi në 2007 me nisjen e Chang'e 1. Misioni i tyre Chang'e 3 në hënë demonstroi aftësinë e uljes së butë në 2013. Misioni i fundit hënor i Kinës Chang'e 5 arriti aftësinë e kthimit të mostrës në vitin 2020. Aktualisht, Kina është në proces të nisjes së misionit të ekuipazhit të Hënës. Nga ana tjetër, programi hënor i Indisë filloi në 2008 me misionin Chandrayaan 1. Pas një hendeku prej 11 vitesh, Chandrayaan 2 u nis në vitin 2019, por ky mision nuk mundi të arrinte aftësinë e uljes së butë hënore.
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